The authors provide an overview of mGlu receptors in Parkinson's Disease, and a particular focus on mGlu5, mGlu4, mGlu2, and mGlu3 receptors in this chapter. In each subtype, we consider, when needed, the anatomical localization and potential mechanisms which explain their effectiveness in handling specific disease expressions or complications stemming from treatment. By combining the outcomes of preclinical research and clinical trials with pharmacological agents, we then offer a summary and examine the prospective merits and shortcomings of each target's potential. Finally, we explore the possible applications of mGlu modulators for treating PD.

Traumatic injuries are a frequent cause of direct carotid cavernous fistulas (dCCFs), which are high-flow shunts connecting the internal carotid artery (ICA) to the cavernous sinus. While endovascular interventions frequently use detachable coils, perhaps with stents, to treat the condition, the high-flow nature of dCCFs may sometimes cause coil migration or compaction. To address dCCFs, the deployment of a covered stent in the ICA is a potential therapeutic approach. We document a case of dCCF complicated by a tortuous intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA), cured via a covered stent graft. We will now showcase the intricacies of this procedure. Deploying covered stents within a winding internal carotid artery (ICA) path demands intricate maneuvers due to the tortuous nature of the vessel.

Investigations into the experiences of older people with HIV (OPHIV) reveal social support to be a key component of their resilience and coping strategies. Considering the substantial perceived risk associated with disclosing HIV status, how do OPHIV address the challenges of limited support systems within their families and friend groups?
This study extends OPHIV research to non-North American and non-European contexts, demonstrating its application through a case study in Hong Kong. The longest-standing non-governmental organization in Hong Kong that is active in HIV/AIDS issues coordinated the completion of 21 OPHIV interviews.
It was observed that a large percentage of the individuals studied did not reveal their HIV status, frequently lacking the social support provided by family and friends. Downward comparison became a coping mechanism for the OPHIV community in Hong Kong, diverting their focus from other avenues. They considered (1) their own past experiences with HIV; (2) the past social treatment of HIV; (3) historical methods of HIV treatment; (4) the hardships of growing up amidst Hong Kong's rapid industrialization and economic development; (5) Eastern religious and spiritual practices, providing comfort and the philosophy of acceptance and letting go.
The research concluded that in situations where OPHIV individuals perceived a high risk of HIV status disclosure and had limited social support from family and friends, they employed the psychological strategy of downward comparison to maintain a positive perspective. The findings illustrate the correlation between OPHIV's lives and the historical evolution of Hong Kong.
This study's analysis uncovered that individuals living with HIV (OPHIV), confronting a high perceived danger of disclosing their HIV status, and experiencing limited social support from family and friends, employed the psychological strategy of downward comparison to retain optimism. The lives of OPHIV, in light of the findings, are also contextualized by Hong Kong's historical trajectory.

A pronounced period of public cultural conversation and promotion regarding a newly nuanced understanding of menopause has been a hallmark of recent years in the UK. Remarkably, this 'menopausal turn', as I christen it, is observable in its function across various interwoven cultural spheres, including education, politics, medicine, retail, publishing, journalism, and others. Despite the desirability of this lively conversation about menopause, this article scrutinizes the dangerous oversimplification of conflating the amplified cultural emphasis on menopause and the corresponding increase in demand for support services with a more inclusive environment. UK media discourse has notably shifted, as numerous high-profile women celebrities and public figures have readily shared their personal menopausal stories. Employing an intersectional feminist media studies framework, I analyze how representations of menopause within the celebrity sphere often emphasize the experiences of White, cisgender, middle-class individuals, sometimes even as aspirational ideals, and urge a proactive response by all those engaged in media studies of or around menopause to prioritize an intersectional understanding of this phenomenon and its implications.

Retiring individuals may experience substantial changes in their lifestyles and circumstances. Studies demonstrate that the transition to retirement is harder for men than women, which significantly raises their vulnerability to losing their sense of identity and meaning. This loss may diminish subjective well-being and increase the potential for depression. Despite retirement potentially being a demanding transition for men, requiring a redefinition of purpose and meaning within this new life stage, the exploration of how they find meaning in their experiences remains largely unexplored. In this study, Danish men's thoughts on the significance of life during the transition to retirement were explored. Newly retired men, 40 in total, were subject to in-depth interviews carried out over the period from fall 2019 to fall 2020. Recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed interviews using an abductive methodology, informed by the ongoing dialogue between empirical observations and psychological/philosophical viewpoints on the meaning of life. Six themes crucial to men's understanding of their retirement transition were identified: family bonds, social cohesion, daily routines, contributions, engagement, and the management of time. This understanding underscores the importance of re-establishing a sense of belonging and engagement in order to find meaning in the transition to retirement. A network of social connections, a sense of community, and involvement in endeavors generating shared value can potentially displace the significance previously associated with employment. ABT-869 nmr Developing a more comprehensive grasp of the importance surrounding men's retirement transitions may generate a valuable resource for programs intending to enhance men's retirement adjustment.

The interpretation and application of care by Direct Care Workers (DCWs) indisputably shape the well-being of older adults in institutionalized care facilities. Despite the emotional complexities of paid care, there's a significant gap in our knowledge regarding how Chinese Direct Care Workers (DCWs) describe their work and interpret their experiences within the context of China's expanding institutional care market and evolving cultural norms concerning long-term care. Within a central Chinese government-funded urban nursing home, this study qualitatively assessed the emotional labor of Chinese direct care workers (DCWs) while considering the impact of institutional constraints and limited social recognition. ABT-869 nmr Findings reveal that DCWs leveraged Liangxin, a pervasive Chinese ethical concept uniting feeling, thought, and action, as a guiding principle for care practice. The framework's four dimensions – ceyin, xiue, cirang, and shifei – structured their emotional responses and enabled them to achieve dignity in work frequently deemed demeaning and undervalued. This research specified the processes through which DCWs recognized the suffering of the senior citizens (ceyin xin), refuting prejudice and unfairness in institutional settings (xiue xin), providing care resembling family relationships (cirang xin), and establishing and enforcing principles of correct (versus incorrect) care (shifei xin). ABT-869 nmr Our study also demonstrated the refined role of xiao (filial piety) and liangxin, revealing their joint impact on the emotional atmosphere in institutional care settings and how DCWs engaged in emotional work. Recognizing the motivating force of liangxin behind DCWs' commitment to relational care and their subsequent role redefinition, we also noted the potential hazards of overburdening and taking advantage of DCWs who entirely trusted their liangxin for complex care solutions.

The article, stemming from ethnographic fieldwork at a nursing home in northern Denmark, explores the difficulties in applying formal ethics requirements in practice. In studies concerning vulnerable participants experiencing cognitive impairment, we seek to reconcile procedural ethics with the practicalities of lived ethics. The article's focus is a resident's account of inadequate care, which she sought to detail, but was hindered by the verbose consent form. Fear gripped the resident, as she understood that her words shared with the researcher could now be wielded against her, threatening the careful and attentive care she deserved. Torn between her desire to share her story and the fear of triggering her anxiety and depression, the piece of paper in her hand became a tangible manifestation of her inner conflict. This article, therefore, uses the consent form as a representative, or agent. Careful consideration of the unanticipated effects of the consent form compels us to address the intricacies of ethical research practices. We ultimately propose an expanded definition of appropriate informed consent, one that better reflects the realities of participants' everyday lives.

A positive influence on later-life well-being is exerted by social interaction and physical movement incorporated into everyday activities. Indoor activities comprise the primary engagements for elderly individuals remaining in their homes, though research tends to concentrate on those taking place outside. Gender's impact on social and physical activities, while substantial, receives inadequate attention in the context of aging in place. We plan to tackle these lacunae by developing a more comprehensive insight into indoor activities of the elderly, with a particular focus on the disparity in social interaction and physical activity patterns between genders.